Heart Disease: Common Causes and Early Symptoms

Heart disease refers to conditions that affect the heart’s structure and function. It happens when the blood vessels supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked, usually due to buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) — a condition called atherosclerosis.

Common Type of Heart Disease and Causes

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

The most common type of heart disease, CAD happens when the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrow or blocked due to plaque buildup. This reduces oxygen to the heart and can lead to chest pain (angina) or heart attack.

2. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is suddenly blocked. Quick treatment is vital — every minute counts.

3. Heart Failure

Heart failure means the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. It doesn’t mean the heart has stopped working — just that it’s weaker.

4. Arrhythmia (Irregular Heartbeat)

An arrhythmia happens when your heart beats too fast, too slow, or unevenly. Some are harmless, but others can be serious.

Common causes and risk factors of heart disease include:

• Unhealthy diet – too much saturated fat, salt, or sugar
• Lack of exercise – weakens the heart and raises blood pressure
• Smoking – damages blood vessels and increases clot risk
• High blood pressure and cholesterol
• Diabetes and obesity
• Family history and stress

These factors slowly harm the heart over time, leading to heart attack, stroke, or heart failure.

Symptoms of Heart Disease

The symptoms of heart disease can vary from person to person — and sometimes appear silently. Early detection saves lives, so watch for:

• Chest pain or tightness (especially during activity)
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue or dizziness
• Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
• Swelling in legs, ankles, or feet

In some people, especially women, heart disease may feel like nausea, jaw pain, or back pain instead of classic chest pain. Never ignore these signs — early care can prevent serious damage.

Heart disease develops slowly but can strike suddenly. Understanding its causes and symptoms gives you the power to act early. A healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, and routine health checks are your best defense for a strong and healthy heart.

Source:

NHS-Coronary heart disease prevention

American Heart Association-What is cardiovascular disease

WHO-Cardiovascular diseases

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