A migraine is a neurological condition that usually presents as a throbbing or pulsing headache on one side of the head. Attacks can last from a few hours to several days, often interfering with work, school, and daily activities. Migraines are not just “bad headaches” — they are intense, recurrent headaches often accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, light sensitivity, and visual disturbances. It is recognised as one of the leading causes of disability worldwide.
Headache Vs Migraine: a headache is usually mild and short-term, migraine is more intense, lasts longer, and often includes additional symptoms beyond head pain, such as nausea, vomiting, light/sound sensitivity, and aura.
Common Symptoms of Migraine:
- Severe head pain (often one-sided)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells
- Visual disturbances (flashes, zigzag lines, blind spots) known as aura
- Fatigue and difficulty concentrating
Common Triggers:
- Dietary triggers: caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, aged cheese, processed meats
- Hormonal changes: menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause
- Stress and lack of sleep
- Weather changes (barometric pressure shifts)
- Strong sensory stimuli (bright lights, loud sounds, strong smells)
How to Relieve a Migraine Quickly
- Rest in a quiet, dark room
- Apply a cold compress to the forehead or back of the neck
- Stay hydrated — dehydration can worsen migraines
- Medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may help mild cases (with consultation of doctors or pharmacist)
- Long term management such as identify and avoid triggers, regular sleep schedule, stress management, and preventive medication (prescribed by doctors).
When to See a Doctor
- You have frequent or severe migraines.
- Headaches suddenly worsen or change pattern.
- Migraines come with weakness, confusion, vision loss, or difficulty speaking (could signal something serious).
By understanding the symptoms, triggers, and treatment options, you can effectively manage migraines. While occasional attacks can be managed at home, frequent or severe migraines require medical guidance.
Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.